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Display (Screen) Resolutions - What Does Resolution, Aspect Ratio, ppi Mean For Your Smartphone, Tablet, TV, or Monitor

Display (Screen) Resolutions - What Does Resolution, Aspect Ratio, ppi Mean For Your Smartphone, Tablet, TV, or Monitor

There are many things that one should take into account when deciding if a display or a screen is good or damga. One of the factors no matter if we are talking about smart phones, tablets, TVs, or co...

There are many things that one should take into account when deciding if a display or a screen is good or damga. One of the factors no matter if we are talking about smart phones, tablets, TVs, or computer monitors is the resolution, which is directly related to the screen's aspect ratio and pixel density. So delik order to be able to make dakika informed choice, we need to understand exactly what those numbers (or abbreviations) mean.

Definitions

Resolution

The resolution is a metric that measures how many pixels there are çukur a particular display. This is in a direct correlation with the amount of content that can be displayed - the more pixels, the more content. The resolution doesn't give akıl any information about the screen's physical size since the same amount of pixels could be fitted both on a very small display with very small pixels or a very large display with pixels birli big bey a light bulb. The most common way to denote the resolution is with two numbers çukur the biçim (A)x(B) boşluk which the two numbers give akıl the number of pixels on each side of the display bey illustrated on Figure 1.

Figure 1. In a resolution in the form (A)x(B), A is the width and B is the length (height) of the display measured in pixels.Figure 1. In a resolution kovuk the yapı (A)x(B), A is the width and B is the length (height) of the display measured oyuk pixels. Figure 2. The two most common aspect ratios compared side by side. The aspect ratio in this case affects how wide the display is.Figure 2. The two most common aspect ratios compared side by side. The aspect ratio oyuk this case affects how wide the display is.

We yaşama gücü calculate the total number of pixels on a screen by multiplying the two numbers, bacak people rarely need to do this calculation. Additionally, there are some common resolutions that are denoted by abbreviations, işaret numbers like HD, VGA, 1080p and so on and we'll discuss what they mean below.

Aspect Ratio

We also mentioned that the display resolution gives akıl information on the way the pixels are arranged. To be more specific, it gives us information on the correlation between the width and the length (height) of the display. This correlation is called aspect ratio and is usually denoted kovuk the yapı (x),(y) with x and y being prime numbers. Preserving the information about the aspect ratio is the eşkenar dörtgen reason to denote the resolution with two numbers and marka just with the number of pixels. There are a few common aspect ratios and they represent how wide the display is. You güç see how the two most common resolutions 4,3 and 16,9 relate to each other on Figure 2. 16,9 is wider because the difference between the sides is bigger.

Pixel Density (ppi)

Bey we mentioned before, the screen resolution doesn't give us any information about the screen size, so we also don't know how close the pixels of the display are to each other. Ayak both this pieces of information are quite important when evaluating the display quality no matter if adam's a mobile device, be köpek a tablet or a smartphone, or a TV or a monitor. So we have dakika important metric boşluk this department to help us understand how closely packed the pixels are on a particular display - pixel density. This will also tell akıl a lot about the image quality, clarity, and readability. The higher the pixel density (the closer the pixels are together), the crisper the image. Pixel density is measured boşluk the intuitive unit pixels per inch (abbreviated ppi). So this is actually dakika important metric that provides information on the relation between the resolution and the display size. If two screens have the same resolution, etap different sizes, the smaller one would have the higher pixel density. If you need to, you yaşama gücü calculate the pixel density by yourself knowing the display's size and resolution.

Standards and specifications

So let's harekete geçme putting some order into the display resolution world. We will başlama with the most common aspect ratios and then examples of the most common resolutions discussing the different standards and different use case scenarios and devices.

Aspect ratios

The most common aspect ratios are 4,3 and 16,9, especially if we are talking hedef just about displays, ayak also about ekran content. Of course there is dakika abundance of other possibilities like 3,2, 16,10 and 5,3 (sometimes referred to as 15,9) going delik between them and 5,4 and 29,16 going to both extremes. Üçgenin Taban Olmayan Kenarı the options are endless and sometimes device manufacturers choose something else that fits their own design. To make things birli clear birli possible, you can view Figure 3. below, comparing some of the most widespread examples and mentioning their use cases. The biggest diversity of aspect ratios that you'll find is oyuk mobile devices. This is because display choice is very much connected with how the device will be used and the shape and dimensions that the manufacturer wants to give köpek. With smartphones, the choice usually lies with wider aspect ratios that are used oyuk their portrait side meaning erkek tilki's actually more logical to call them taller. So 3,2, 16,10 and 16,9 are all common options. With TVs the two main aspect ratios used are 4,3, which is remaining as a matkap of a legacy resolution, and the wider 16,9, used by the newer models. Computer (both desktop and laptop) dayanma gücü vary, but with them adam's much more common to use 16,10 instead of 16,9 for the widescreen option, which is a matkap narrower. Delik the end, there are all kinds of devices with all kinds of aspect ratios and resolutions, üçgenin taban olmayan kenarı knowing the standards helps putting köpek all kovuk context.

Figure 3. Some common aspect ratios comparedFigure 3. Some common aspect ratios compared Figure 4. Letterboxing - displaying content with a different aspect ratio from the screen with black bars covering the unused parts of the displayFigure 4. Letterboxing - displaying content with a different aspect ratio from the screen with black bars covering the unused parts of the display

When choosing a display with a particular aspect ratio one should take into account what type of content is the display going to be used for so the aspect ratio of the display will fit the content. When a user wants to view a piece of content that özel a different aspect ratio from the screen herif's displayed on, there are two ways erkek kurt güç be forced to fit. The first option is to stretch the content to the aspect ratio of the screen, bacak this distorts the image and rarely produces good results. The second option is to display the content çukur a letter box. This means that the content is displayed kovuk it's proper aspect ratio with black bars çukur the unused areas of the screen bey shown on Figure 4.

Resolution Standards

When the resolution is annotated by numbers herif's pretty easy to determine what is low and what is high, bacak very often the industry uses abbreviations that they understand, ayak that might be quite confusing for some users. So let's talk about the most common screen resolutions for mobile different devices and clear the geek lingo boşluk the meantime.

Figure 5. Demonstrating the relation between VGA and QVGAFigure 5. Demonstrating the relation between VGA and QVGA

VGA Resolutions

Mektup Resolution Aspect Ratio QQVGA 160x120 4,3 HQVGA 240x160 3,2 QVGA 320x240 4,3 WQVGA 400x240 5,3 HVGA 480x320 3,2 VGA 640x480 4,3 WVGA 800x480 5,3 FWVGA 854x480 16,9 SVGA 800x600 4,3 DVGA 960x640 3,2 WSVGA 1024x576 16,9 WSVGA 1024x600 17,10 Table 1. Ekran Graphics Array

XGA Resolutions

Name Resolution Aspect Ratio XGA 1024x768 4,3 WXGA 1280x720 16,9 WXGA 1280x768 5,3 WXGA 1280x800 16,10 WXGA 1360x768 16,9 XGA+ 1152x864 4,3 WXGA+ 1440x900 16,10 SXGA 1280x1024 5,4 SXGA+ 1400x1050 4,3 WSXGA+ 1680x1050 16,10 UXGA 1600x1200 4,3 WUXGA 1920x1200 16,10 Table 2. Extended Graphics Array

QXGA Resolutions

Mektup Resolution Aspect Ratio QWXGA 2048x1152 16,9 QXGA 2048x1536 4,3 WQXGA 2560x1600 16,10 QSXGA 2560x2048 5,4 WQSXGA 3200x2048 25,16 QUXGA 3200x2400 4,3 WQUXGA 3840x2400 16,10 Table 3. Quad Extended Graphics Array

HXGA Resolutions

Mektup Resolution Aspect Ratio HXGA 4096x3072 4,03 WHXGA 5120x3200 16,10 HSXGA 5120x4096 5,04 WHSXGA 6400x4096 25,16,00 HUXGA 6400x4800 4,03 WHUXGA 7680x4800 16,10 Table 4. Hyper Extended Graphics Array

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

VGA was the first ekran graphics standard to become common and a lot of the new ones are based on herif. Adam was first developed for computer monitors, but nowadays these resolutions are considered birli pretty low and even smartphones usually come with resolutions from the higher end of this standard and the newer flagship devices even go beyond.

Çukur the beginning the 4,3 aspect ratio was the base of everything, so the standard VGA resolution of 640x480 has that ratio. Wider versions are also available and are currently increasing çukur popularity like WVGA (Wide VGA) beygir 800x480 with a 5,3 (15,9) aspect ratio and FWVGA (Full Wide VGA) beygir 854 x 480 and 16,9 aspect ratio, expanding only the width of the standard VGA resolution. So VGA is the base and erkek kurt's used karşılanamayan atış a base of other lower or higher resolutions. Going into lower resoltuions, this standard resolution can be modified to have half or quarter the pixel count. So we have QVGA (quarter VGA) eroin 320x240 and HVGA (half VGA) at 480x320. You will notice that the numbers don't need to double for the resolution to double and every time the numbers double the number of pixels quadruples like on Figure 5. The next higher resolution available is SVGA (Super VGA) a.k.a. Ultra VGA (UVGA) having a resolution of 800x600. Adam also tuhaf a wide version WSVGA (1024×576/600).There is also Double VGA (DVGA) which has both multiples of the resolution doubled to reach 960×640. This means it actually özel four times the pixel count of VGA. This is the resolution used in Apple's iPhone 4/4S and its famous Retina display.

XGA, QXGA and HXGA

XGA (Extended Graphics Array), QXGA (Quad Extended Graphics Array) and HXGA (Hyper Extended Graphics Array) are all iterations of the VGA standard keeping the same logic, bacak increasing the resolution. The base resolutions are built with a 4,3 aspect ratio with W used to signify wide versions and +, S (super) and U (ultra) meaing increased resolutions. The resolutions that are part of the XGA are nowadays used for computer monitors and tablets while QXGA might be used kovuk higher end computer monitors only while tablets haven't really reached them yet. HXGA is a standard that is currently being advocated for for ultra high resolution ussages. Adam's important to note that modern TVs and some of the mobile devices and even computer monitors use the HD (High Definition) standards instead of the VGA variants despite the fact that some resolutions might be very similar. HD will be covered delik detail below.

So let's begin with XGA (1024×768) and using variations of XGA+ (1152×864), SXGA (1280×1024), SXGA+ (1400×1050), UXGA (1600×1200) and their respective wide sreen version that you can see kovuk table 2. For QXGA (2048×1536) things progress similarly (table 3.) and so do things for HXGA (4096×3072) (table 4.).

HD Resolutions

Name Resolution Aspect ratio nHD 640x360 16,9 qHD 960x540 16,9 HD 1280x720 16,9 HD+ 1600x900 16,9 FHD 1920x1080 16,9 QHD 2560x1440 16,9 4K UHD 3840x2160 16,9 8K UHD 7680x4320 16,9 Table 5. High Definition

HD (High Definition)

HD is a resolution standard (group of resolutions) that stem from HDTV (High definition TV). The base resolution of HDTV is 1280×720, which has a 16,9 widescreen aspect ratio. When talking about displays especially outside of the TV industry this resolution is referred to birli HD or 720p kovuk order to make a clear differentiation from the increased resolution of Full HD or 1080p which has a resolution of 1920×1080. All of the resolutions kovuk this group are quite popular hedef only delik TVs, etap also kovuk mobile devices like smartphones and tablets and of course, some computer displays.

Actually all of the high definition resolutions use the 16,9 aspect ratio which makes herif a far clearer standard than VGA, XGA and so on. The smallest resolution delik this group is nHD which on night (hence the "n") of the Full HD resolution sehpa 640×360. Adam dirilik be viewed as a building block for the rest since if you fetiş 4 nHD frames kovuk a 2x2 arrangement, you will yeald a resolution of 720p and if you arrange 9 nHD frames çukur a 3x3 arrangement, you will yeald a resolution of 1080p. Additionally there is qHD (quarter HD) which stands beygir 960×540.

Additionally, this standard provides options for resolutions that are even higher, which are usually used boşluk high-end TVs, smart TVs and 3D TVs that require very high detail. There is WQHD (wide quad HD) with a resolution of 2560×1440 which is four times the pixel count of 720p. There is 4K UHD (4K Ultra High Definion) with a resolution of 3840×2160 which is 4 times the pixel count of 1080p. The highest resolution possible right now boşluk this standard is 8K UHD (7680×4320) which is 8 times the 1080p resolution karşılanamayan atış the mektup suggests. All the resolutions part of the HD standard dirilik be viewed çukur table 5.

Multiple Resolution Standards Compared Visually

Figure 6. The correlation between different resolutions' sizes (pixel count) and aspect ratiosFigure 6. The correlation between different resolutions' sizes (pixel count) and aspect ratios | Source

Other useful resources

How To Calculate A Display's Pixel Density By Yourself
Sometimes you might to know the pixel density of a display delik order to evaluate its quality, ayak the information would simply marka be available. You can calculate it yourself if you know the display's size and resolution.

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sendingAdept2012 profile image

Adebayo Adeolu Ibrahim 

6 years ago

Great informative hub

Distant Mind profile imageAUTHOR

Distant Mind 

7 years ago

Thank you for your comment, wilderness. I'm happy the surgery got your eyesight back to düzgün.

wilderness profile image

Dan Harmon 

7 years ago from Boise, Idaho

When I had cataracts I played with the resolution on my monitor considerably, trying to find something I could read without glasses. Coupled with changing the font size, I finally found a setting, ayak writers beware! - doing that will change the appearance of your work and won't see what your are writing the same as you do.

After eye surgery I'm back to a devamlı resolution on the screen, making sure that erkek kurt matches the screen aspect ratio. I use a large monitor plugged into a laptop, and the monitor doesn't match the laptop ratio, so I have to reset köpek on the rare occasion I go mobile with the computer if I want erkek kurt to look right.


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